2014 Cultivated Layer

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Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Research and Development Division (RDD), Geospatial Information Branch (GIB), Spatial Analysis Research Section (SARS)
Publication_Date: 20140131
Title:
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2014 Cultivated Layer

Edition: 2014 Edition
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
USDA, NASS Marketing and Information Services Office, Washington, D.C.
Publisher: USDA, NASS
Other_Citation_Details:
The Cultivated Layer can be viewed on the CropScape website at <https://nassgeodata.gmu.edu/CropScape/>. The most current data is available free for download at <http://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/Release/>. NASS maintains a Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's) section on the CDL website at <http://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.php>.
Online_Linkage: <http://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/Release/>
Description:
Abstract:
The 2014 Cultivated Layer identifies cultivated and non-cultivated land cover for the Continental United States and is based on land cover information derived from the 2010 through 2014 USDA, NASS Cropland Data Layers (CDL). The Cultivated Layer is a raster, geo-referenced data layer that has a ground resolution of 30 meters. See the 'Process_Description' Section for details on how this data layer was created. For a more detailed description of the Cultivated Layer please reference the following online documentation <http://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/docs/BoryanYang_IGARSS12_Cultivated.pdf>.
Purpose:
The purpose of the Cultivated Layer is to aid the USDA, NASS Area Frame Section in updating our area frames used for agricultural surveys. For more information about the NASS area frames please visit here.
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2014
Currentness_Reference: 20150202
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -127.8873
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.1585
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.9580
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 23.1496
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: farming, 001
Theme_Keyword: environment, 007
Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, 010
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
Theme_Keyword:
Earth Science > Biosphere > Terrestrial Ecosystems > Agricultural Lands
Theme_Keyword: Earth Science > Land Surface > Land Use/Land Cover > Land Cover


Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Theme_Keyword: crop cover
Theme_Keyword: cropland
Theme_Keyword: agriculture
Theme_Keyword: farming
Theme_Keyword: land cover
Theme_Keyword: crop estimates
Theme_Keyword: Landsat
Theme_Keyword: Deimos-1
Theme_Keyword: UK-DMC-2
Theme_Keyword: AWiFS
Theme_Keyword: MODIS
Theme_Keyword: CropScape
Place:
Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: Alabama
Place_Keyword: Arizona
Place_Keyword: Arkansas
Place_Keyword: California
Place_Keyword: Colorado
Place_Keyword: Connecticut
Place_Keyword: Delaware
Place_Keyword: Florida
Place_Keyword: Georgia
Place_Keyword: Idaho
Place_Keyword: Illinois
Place_Keyword: Indiana
Place_Keyword: Iowa
Place_Keyword: Kansas
Place_Keyword: Kentucky
Place_Keyword: Louisiana
Place_Keyword: Maine
Place_Keyword: Maryland
Place_Keyword: Massachusetts
Place_Keyword: Michigan
Place_Keyword: Minnesota
Place_Keyword: Mississippi
Place_Keyword: Missouri
Place_Keyword: Montana
Place_Keyword: Nebraska
Place_Keyword: Nevada
Place_Keyword: New Hampshire
Place_Keyword: New Jersey
Place_Keyword: New Mexico
Place_Keyword: New York
Place_Keyword: North Carolina
Place_Keyword: North Dakota
Place_Keyword: Ohio
Place_Keyword: Oklahoma
Place_Keyword: Oregon
Place_Keyword: Pennsylvania
Place_Keyword: Rhode Island
Place_Keyword: South Carolina
Place_Keyword: South Dakota
Place_Keyword: Tennessee
Place_Keyword: Texas
Place_Keyword: Utah
Place_Keyword: Vermont
Place_Keyword: Virginia
Place_Keyword: Washington
Place_Keyword: West Virginia
Place_Keyword: Wisconsin
Place_Keyword: Wyoming
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO
Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints: none
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA, NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section
Contact_Person: USDA, NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section staff
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 3251 Old Lee Highway, Room 305
City: Fairfax
State_or_Province: Virginia
Postal_Code: 22030-1504
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-877-8000
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703-877-8044
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: HQ_RDD_GIB@nass.usda.gov
Data_Set_Credit: USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Security_Information:
Security_Classification_System: None
Security_Classification: Unclassified
Security_Handling_Description: None
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report: 
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2014 Cultivated Layer
NATIONAL ACCURACY REPORT

                 Producer
                 Accuracy
Non-Cultivated   92.3%
Cultivated       98.2%

                 Omission
                 Error
Non-Cultivated   7.7%
Cultivated       1.8%

                 Kappa
Non-Cultivated   0.908
Cultivated       0.892

                 User
                 Accuracy
Non-Cultivated   91.0%
Cultivated       98.5%

                 Commission
                 Error
Non-Cultivated   9.0%
Cultivated       1.5%

                 Conditional
                 Kappa
Non-Cultivated   0.892
Cultivated       0.908
The accuracy of the non-agricultural land cover classes within the Cropland Data Layer and the Cultivated Layer is entirely dependent upon the USGS, National Land Cover Database (NLCD). Thus, the USDA, NASS recommends that users consider the NLCD for studies involving non-agricultural land cover. For more information on the accuracy of the NLCD please reference <http://www.mrlc.gov/>.
Quantitative_Attribute_Accuracy_Assessment:
Attribute_Accuracy_Value:
Classification accuracy is generally 85% to 95% correct for the major crop-specific land cover categories in the Cropland Data Layer, which the Cultivated Layer is based upon. See the 'Attribute Accuracy Report' section of this metadata file for the detailed accuracy report.
Attribute_Accuracy_Explanation:
The accuracy of the non-agricultural land cover is entirely dependent upon the USGS, National Land Cover Database (NLCD). Thus, the USDA, NASS recommends that users consider the NLCD for studies involving non-agricultural land cover.

These definitions of accuracy statistics were derived from the following book: Congalton, Russell G. and Kass Green. Assessing the Accuracy of Remotely Sensed Data: Principles and Practices. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, Inc. 1999. The 'Producer's Accuracy' is calculated for each cover type in the ground truth and indicates the probability that a ground truth pixel will be correctly mapped (across all cover types) and measures 'errors of omission'. An 'Omission Error' occurs when a pixel is excluded from the category to which it belongs in the validation dataset. The 'User's Accuracy' indicates the probability that a pixel from the CDL classification actually matches the ground truth data and measures 'errors of commission'. The 'Commission Error' represent when a pixel is included in an incorrect category according to the validation data. It is important to take into consideration errors of omission and commission. For example, if you classify every pixel in a scene to 'wheat', then you have 100% Producer's Accuracy for the wheat category and 0% Omission Error. However, you would also have a very high error of commission as all other crop types would be included in the incorrect category. The 'Kappa' is a measure of agreement based on the difference between the actual agreement in the error matrix (i.e., the agreement between the remotely sensed classification and the reference data as indicated by the major diagonal) and the chance agreement which is indicated by the row and column totals. The 'Conditional Kappa Coefficient' is the agreement for an individual category within the entire error matrix.
Completeness_Report: The Cultivated Layer encompasses the Continental United States.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The Cultivated Layer is based upon the USDA, NASS Cropland Data Layer (CDL). The CDL retains the spatial attributes of the input imagery. Please check the metadata <http://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/metadata/meta.php> for the state/year you are interested in for a detailed list of what sensors were used in the production of the Cropland Data Layer.
The Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM input imagery is obtained via download from the USGS Global Visualization Viewer (Glovis) website <http://glovis.usgs.gov/>. Please reference the metadata on the Glovis website for each Landsat scene for positional accuracy. The majority of the Landsat data is available at Level 1T (precision and terrain corrected). The DEIMOS-1 and DMC-UK 2 imagery used in the production of the Cropland Data Layer is orthorectified to a radial root mean square error (RMSE) of approximately 10 meters. The AWiFS imagery used in the production of the Cropland Data Layer is purchased with an orthorectified level of processing. Thus, the CDL will retain the input imagery's positional accuracy of 60 meters at the circular error at the 90 percent confidence level (CE90). CE90 is a standard metric often used for horizontal accuracy in map products and can be interpreted as 90% of well-defined points tested must fall within a certain radial distance.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
United State Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)
Title: Cropland Data Layer
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publisher: USDA, NASS
Publication_Place: Washington D.C.
Publication_Date: 2010 through 2014
Other_Citation_Details:
Visit CropScape <https://nassgeodata.gmu.edu/CropScape/> or <http://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.php> for more information about the Cropland Data Layer.
The USDA, NASS Cropland Data Layer (CDL) is a raster, geo-referenced, crop-specific land cover data layer. The CDL is produced using satellite imagery from the Landsat 5 TM sensor, Landsat 7 ETM+ sensor, the Indian Remote Sensing RESOURCESAT-1 (IRS-P6) Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS), and the Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) DEIMOS-1 and UK2 sensors collected during the current growing season. Some CDL states used additional satellite imagery and ancillary inputs to supplement and improve the classification. These additional sources can include the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Elevation Dataset (NED), the imperviousness and canopy data layers from the most current version of the USGS National Land Cover Database (NLCD), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250 meter 16 day Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) composites.
Agricultural training and validation data are derived from the Farm Service Agency (FSA) Common Land Unit (CLU) Program. The NLCD is used as non-agricultural training and validation data.
The strength and emphasis of the CDL is agricultural land cover. Please note that no farmer reported data are derivable from the Cropland Data Layer.
Source_Scale_Denominator: 30 meter
Type_of_Source_Media: online download
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 2010
Ending_Date: 2014
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Contribution: Land cover information used to identify cultivated areas
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
OVERVIEW: The 2014 Cultivated Layer is based on the most recent five years of CDL data (2010-2014). An Erdas Imagine Spatial Model is used to create the Cultivated Layer. The processing logic is as follows. If a pixel is identified as cultivated in at least two out of the five years of CDL data then it is assigned to the 'Cultivated' category. The exception is that all pixels identified as cultivated in the most recent year are assigned to the 'Cultivated' category regardless of whether or not they were cultivated in the previous four years of CDL data. For a more detailed description of the Cultivated Layer please reference the following online documentation <http://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/docs/BoryanYang_IGARSS12_Cultivated.pdf>.
Below is a list of the CDL categories that are considered cultivated and non-cultivated for the 2014 Cultivated Layer. 
USDA, NASS Cropland Data Layer categories considered cultivated:
CODE   CLASS NAME
1	Corn
2	Cotton
3	Rice
4	Sorghum
5	Soybeans
6	Sunflower
10	Peanuts
11	Tobacco
12	Sweet Corn
13	Pop or Orn Corn
14	Mint
21	Barley
22	Durum Wheat
23	Spring Wheat
24	Winter Wheat
25	Other Small Grains
26	Dbl Crop WinWht/Soybeans
27	Rye
28	Oats
29	Millet
30	Speltz
31	Canola
32	Flaxseed
33	Safflower
34	Rape Seed
35	Mustard
36	Alfalfa
38	Camelina
39	Buckwheat
41	Sugarbeets
42	Dry Beans
43	Potatoes
44	Other Crops
45	Sugarcane
46	Sweet Potatoes
47	Misc Vegs & Fruits
48	Watermelons
49	Onions
50	Cucumbers
51	Chick Peas
52	Lentils
53	Peas
54	Tomatoes
55	Caneberries
56	Hops
57	Herbs
58	Clover/Wildflowers
61	Fallow/Idle Cropland
66	Cherries
67	Peaches
68	Apples
69	Grapes
70	Christmas Trees
71	Other Tree Crops
72	Citrus
74	Pecans
75	Almonds
76	Walnuts
77	Pears
204	Pistachios
205	Triticale
206	Carrots
207	Asparagus
208	Garlic
209	Cantaloupes
210	Prunes
211	Olives
212	Oranges
213	Honeydew Melons
214	Broccoli
216	Peppers
217	Pomegranates
218	Nectarines
219	Greens
220	Plums
221	Strawberries
222	Squash
223	Apricots
224	Vetch
225	Dbl Crop WinWht/Corn
226	Dbl Crop Oats/Corn
227	Lettuce
229	Pumpkins
230	Dbl Crop Lettuce/Durum Wht
231	Dbl Crop Lettuce/Cantaloupe
232	Dbl Crop Lettuce/Cotton
233	Dbl Crop Lettuce/Barley
234	Dbl Crop Durum Wht/Sorghum
235	Dbl Crop Barley/Sorghum
236	Dbl Crop WinWht/Sorghum
237	Dbl Crop Barley/Corn
238	Dbl Crop WinWht/Cotton
239	Dbl Crop Soybeans/Cotton
240	Dbl Crop Soybeans/Oats
241	Dbl Crop Corn/Soybeans
242	Blueberries
243	Cabbage
244	Cauliflower
245	Celery
246	Radishes
247	Turnips
248	Eggplants
249	Gourds
250	Cranberries
254	Dbl Crop Barley/Soybeans

USDA, NASS Cropland Data Layer categories considered non-cultivated:
CODE   CLASS NAME
37	Other Hay/Non Alfalfa
59	Sod/Grass Seed
60	Switchgrass
63	Forest
64	Shrubland
65	Barren
81	Clouds/No Data
82	Developed
83	Water
87	Wetlands
88	Nonag/Undefined
92	Aquaculture
111	Open Water
112	Perennial Ice/Snow
121	Developed/Open Space
122	Developed/Low Intensity
123	Developed/Med Intensity
124	Developed/High Intensity
131	Barren
141	Deciduous Forest
142	Evergreen Forest
143	Mixed Forest
152	Shrubland
176	Grass/Pasture
190	Woody Wetlands
195	Herbaceous Wetlands
ACCURACY: The accuracy of the land cover classifications are evaluated using independent validations data sets generated from the FSA CLU data (agricultural categories) and the NLCD (non-agricultural categories). See the 'Attribute Accuracy Report' section of this metadata file for the full accuracy report.
PUBLIC RELEASE: The 2014 Cultivated Layer is considered public domain and free to redistribute. The official website is <http://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.php>. The data can also be viewed at CropScape <https://nassgeodata.gmu.edu/CropScape/>. Please note that in no case are farmer reported data revealed or derivable from the public use Cultivated Layer or Cropland Data Layer.
Process_Date: 2014
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA, NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section
Contact_Person: USDA, NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section staff
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 3251 Old Lee Highway, Room 305
City: Fairfax
State_or_Province: Virginia
Postal_Code: 22030-1504
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-877-8000
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703-877-8044
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: HQ_RDD_GIB@nass.usda.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Indirect_Spatial_Reference: United States of America
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 96523
Column_Count: 153811
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: Albers Conical Equal Area
Albers_Conical_Equal_Area:
Standard_Parallel: 29.500000
Standard_Parallel: 45.500000
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -96.000000
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 23.000000
False_Easting: 0.000000
False_Northing: 0.000000
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 30.000000
Ordinate_Resolution: 30.000000
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
The accuracy of the non-agricultural land cover classes are entirely dependent upon the NLCD. Thus, the USDA, NASS recommends that users consider the NLCD for studies involving non-agricultural land cover.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: 
 Data Dictionary: USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2014 Cultivated Layer

 Source: USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

 Raster
 Attribute Domain Values and Definitions: NO DATA, BACKGROUND 0

 Raster
 Attribute Domain Values and Definitions: CULTIVATION

 Categorization Code   Land Cover
           "1"       Non-Cultivated
           "2"       Cultivated
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA, NASS Customer Service
Contact_Person: USDA, NASS Customer Service Staff
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Room 5038-S
City: Washington
State_or_Province: District of Columbia
Postal_Code: 20250-9410
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 800-727-9540
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703-877-8044
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: HQ_RDD_GIB@nass.usda.gov
Contact_Instructions:
Please visit the official website <http://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.php> for distribution details.
Resource_Description: 2014 Cultivated Layer
Distribution_Liability:
Disclaimer: Users of the Cultivated Layer are solely responsible for interpretations made from these products. The Cultivated Layer is provided 'as is' and the USDA, NASS does not warrant results you may obtain using the data. Contact our staff at (HQ_RDD_GIB@nass.usda.gov) if technical questions arise. NASS does maintain a Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's) section on the CDL website at <http://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.php>.

Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: IMG
Transfer_Size:
The image file is offered in an Erdas Imagine IMG file format. The most current version of the Cultivated Layer is available free for download at <http://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/Release/> in a compressed Winzip file that is approximately 205 megabytes.
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: <http://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/Release/>
Access_Instructions:
The Cultivated Layer is offered in an Erdas Imagine IMG file format. The data is available free for download at <http://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/Release/> in a compressed Winzip file.
Technical_Prerequisites:
If the user does not have software capable of viewing GEOTIF (.tif) or ERDAS Imagine (.img) file formats then we suggest using the CropScape website <https://nassgeodata.gmu.edu/CropScape/> or using the freeware browser ESRI ArcGIS Explorer <http://www.esri.com/>.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20150202
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA, NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section
Contact_Person: USDA, NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section Staff
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 3251 Old Lee Highway, Room 305
City: Fairfax
State_or_Province: Virginia
Postal_Code: 22030-1504
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-877-8000
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703-877-8044
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: HQ_RDD_GIB@nass.usda.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Access_Constraints: No restrictions on the distribution or use of the metadata file
Metadata_Use_Constraints: No restrictions on the distribution or use of the metadata file

Generated by mp version 2.9.27 on Tue Jan 27 15:44:18 2015

Last Modified: 05/04/2018