2021 Michigan Cropland Data Layer

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Research and Development Division (RDD), Geospatial Information Branch (GIB), Spatial Analysis Research Section (SARS)

Publication_Date: 20220214
Title: 2021 Michigan Cropland Data Layer | NASS/USDA
Edition: 2021 Edition
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place:

USDA, NASS Marketing and Information Services Office, Washington, D.C.

Publisher: USDA, NASS

Other_Citation_Details:

NASS maintains a Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's) section on the CDL website at <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.php>. The data is available free for download through CroplandCROS <https://cropcros.azurewebsites.net/> and CropScape <https://nassgeodata.gmu.edu/CropScape/>. The data is also available free for download through the Geospatial Data Gateway at <https://datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov/>.

Online_Linkage: <https://cropcros.azurewebsites.net/>

Description:

Abstract:

The USDA, NASS Cropland Data Layer (CDL) is a raster, geo-referenced, crop-specific land cover data layer. The 2021 CDL has a ground resolution of 30 meters. The CDL is produced using satellite imagery from the Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS sensor, the ISRO ResourceSat-2 LISS-3, and the ESA SENTINEL-2 sensors collected during the current growing season.

Some CDL states used additional satellite imagery and ancillary inputs to supplement and improve the classification. These additional sources can include the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Elevation Dataset (NED) and the imperviousness data layer from the USGS National Land Cover Database 2019 (NLCD 2019) and the tree canopy data layer from the NLCD 2016.

Agricultural training and validation data are derived from the Farm Service Agency (FSA) Common Land Unit (CLU) Program. The most current version of the NLCD is used as non-agricultural training and validation data.

Please refer to the 'Supplemental_Information' Section of this metadata file for a complete list of all imagery, ancillary data, and training/validation data used to generate this state's CDL.

The strength and emphasis of the CDL is agricultural land cover. Please note that no farmer reported data are derivable from the Cropland Data Layer.

Purpose:

The purpose of the Cropland Data Layer Program is to use satellite imagery to (1) provide planted acreage estimates to the Agricultural Statistics Board for the state's major commodities and (2) produce digital, crop-specific, categorized geo-referenced output products.

Supplemental_Information:

If the following table does not display properly, then please visit the following website to view the original metadata file <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/metadata/meta.php>.

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2021 Michigan Cropland Data Layer

CLASSIFICATION INPUTS:
RESOURCESAT-2 LISS-3 20201105 PATH 276
RESOURCESAT-2 LISS-3 20210417 PATH 275
RESOURCESAT-2 LISS-3 20210422 PATH 276
RESOURCESAT-2 LISS-3 20210502 PATH 278
RESOURCESAT-2 LISS-3 20210512 PATH 280
RESOURCESAT-2 LISS-3 20210605 PATH 280
RESOURCESAT-2 LISS-3 20210704 PATH 281
RESOURCESAT-2 LISS-3 20210718 PATH 279
RESOURCESAT-2 LISS-3 20210821 PATH 281
RESOURCESAT-2 LISS-3 20210830 PATH 278
RESOURCESAT-2 LISS-3 20210914 PATH 281
RESOURCESAT-2 LISS-3 20211017 PATH 278

LANDSAT 8 OLI/TIRS TIER1 DATE 20201128 PATH 021
LANDSAT 8 OLI/TIRS TIER1 DATE 20210530 PATH 022
LANDSAT 8 OLI/TIRS TIER1 DATE 20210601 PATH 020
LANDSAT 8 OLI/TIRS TIER1 DATE 20210604 PATH 025
LANDSAT 8 OLI/TIRS TIER1 DATE 20210606 PATH 023
LANDSAT 8 OLI/TIRS TIER1 DATE 20210617 PATH 020
LANDSAT 8 OLI/TIRS TIER1 DATE 20210717 PATH 022
LANDSAT 8 OLI/TIRS TIER1 DATE 20210719 PATH 020
LANDSAT 8 OLI/TIRS TIER1 DATE 20210726 PATH 021
LANDSAT 8 OLI/TIRS TIER1 DATE 20210804 PATH 020
LANDSAT 8 OLI/TIRS TIER1 DATE 20210912 PATH 021

USGS, NATIONAL ELEVATION DATASET
USGS, NATIONAL LAND COVER DATABASE 2016 TREE CANOPY
USGS, NATIONAL LAND COVER DATABASE 2019 IMPERVIOUSNESS
USDA, NASS CROPLAND DATA LAYERS 2015-2020
USDA, NRCS NATIONAL COMMODITY CROP PRODUCTIVITY INDEX (NCCPI)

SENTINEL-2A DATE 20201009 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 083
SENTINEL-2A DATE 20201108 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 083
SENTINEL-2A DATE 20201128 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 083
SENTINEL-2A DATE 20210430 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 126
SENTINEL-2A DATE 20210514 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 040
SENTINEL-2A DATE 20210606 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 083
SENTINEL-2A DATE 20210613 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 040
SENTINEL-2A DATE 20210616 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 083
SENTINEL-2A DATE 20210719 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 126
SENTINEL-2A DATE 20210726 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 083
SENTINEL-2A DATE 20210805 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 083
SENTINEL-2A DATE 20210815 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 083
SENTINEL-2A DATE 20210901 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 040
SENTINEL-2A DATE 20210911 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 040
SENTINEL-2A DATE 20210914 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 083
SENTINEL-2A DATE 20210917 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 126
SENTINEL-2A DATE 20210924 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 083
SENTINEL-2A DATE 20211001 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 040

SENTINEL-2B DATE 20201106 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 126
SENTINEL-2B DATE 20210512 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 083
SENTINEL-2B DATE 20210518 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 026
SENTINEL-2B DATE 20210529 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 040
SENTINEL-2B DATE 20210601 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 083
SENTINEL-2B DATE 20210704 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 126
SENTINEL-2B DATE 20210717 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 026
SENTINEL-2B DATE 20210721 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 083
SENTINEL-2B DATE 20210728 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 040
SENTINEL-2B DATE 20210816 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 026
SENTINEL-2B DATE 20210820 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 083
SENTINEL-2B DATE 20210826 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 026
SENTINEL-2B DATE 20210830 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 083
SENTINEL-2B DATE 20210902 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 126
SENTINEL-2B DATE 20210906 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 040
SENTINEL-2B DATE 20210909 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 083
SENTINEL-2B DATE 20210916 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 040
SENTINEL-2B DATE 20210919 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 083
SENTINEL-2B DATE 20210929 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 083
SENTINEL-2B DATE 20211019 RELATIVE ORBIT NUMBER 083

TRAINING AND VALIDATION:
USDA, FARM SERVICE AGENCY 2021 COMMON LAND UNIT DATA
USGS, NATIONAL LAND COVER DATABASE 2019

NOTE: The final extent of the CDL is clipped to the state boundary even though the raw input data may encompass a larger area.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20201001
Ending_Date: 20211231

Currentness_Reference: 2021 growing season

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -90.5215
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.5152
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.1444
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.6296

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: farming, 001
Theme_Keyword: environment, 007
Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, 010

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
Theme_Keyword:

Earth Science > Biosphere > Terrestrial Ecosystems > Agricultural Lands

Theme_Keyword: Earth Science > Land Surface > Land Use/Land Cover > Land Cover

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: crop cover
Theme_Keyword: cropland
Theme_Keyword: agriculture
Theme_Keyword: land cover
Theme_Keyword: crop estimates
Theme_Keyword: ISRO ResourceSat-2 LISS-3
Theme_Keyword: ESA SENTINEL-2
Theme_Keyword: Landsat
Theme_Keyword: CroplandCROS
Theme_Keyword: CropScape

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
Place_Keyword: Continent > North America > United States of America > Michigan

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Michigan
Place_Keyword: MI

Temporal:

Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Temporal_Keyword: 2021

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

The USDA, NASS Cropland Data Layer is provided to the public as is and is considered public domain and free to redistribute. The USDA, NASS does not warrant any conclusions drawn from these data. If the user does not have software capable of viewing GEOTIF (.tif) or ERDAS Imagine (.img) file formats then we suggest using CroplandCROS <https://cropcros.azurewebsites.net/> or CropScape <https://nassgeodata.gmu.edu/CropScape/>.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: USDA, NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section
Contact_Person: USDA, NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section staff

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Room 5029 South Building
City: Washington
State_or_Province: District of Columbia
Postal_Code: 20250-2001
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 800-727-9540
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 855-493-0447
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: SM.NASS.RDD.GIB@usda.gov

Data_Set_Credit: USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Security_Information:

Security_Classification_System: None
Security_Classification: Unclassified
Security_Handling_Description: None

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Microsoft Windows 7 Enterprise; ERDAS Imagine Version 2018 <https://www.hexagongeospatial.com/>; ESRI ArcGIS Version 10.7 <https://www.esri.com/>; Rulequest See5.0 Release 2.11a <http://www.rulequest.com/>; NLCD Mapping Tool version 'NLCD_for_IMAGINE_ver_16_0_0_build_199_2018-09-12' <https://www.mrlc.gov/>.

ERDAS Imagine is used in the pre- and post- processing of all raster-based data. ESRI ArcGIS is used to prepare the vector-based Farm Service Agency (FSA) Common Land Unit (CLU) training and validation data. Rulequest See5.0 is used to create a decision-tree based classifier. The NLCD Mapping Tool is used to apply the See5.0 decision-tree via ERDAS Imagine. This is a departure from older versions of the CDL that were created using in-house software (Peditor) based upon a maximum likelihood classifier approach. Check this section and the 'Process Description' section of the specific state and year metadata file to verify what methodology was used.

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

If the following table does not display properly, then please visit this internet site <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/metadata/meta.php> to view the original metadata file.

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2021 Michigan Cropland Data Layer
STATEWIDE AGRICULTURAL ACCURACY REPORT

Crop-specific covers only                *Correct   Accuracy      Error      Kappa
-------------------------                 -------   --------     ------      -----
FSA Crops                                 491,177      88.2%      11.8%      0.840

Cover                        Attribute   *Correct Producer's   Omission                User's Commission     Cond'l
Type                              Code     Pixels   Accuracy      Error      Kappa   Accuracy      Error      Kappa
----                              ----     ------   --------      -----      -----   --------      -----      -----
Corn                                 1    186,672      91.0%       9.0%      0.888      95.9%       4.1%      0.948
Sorghum                              4        368      44.5%      55.5%      0.445      44.1%      55.9%      0.441
Soybeans                             5    177,609      91.6%       8.4%      0.896      93.9%       6.1%      0.924
Sunflower                            6         85      73.3%      26.7%      0.733      69.7%      30.3%      0.697
Sweet Corn                          12         11      10.1%      89.9%      0.101      35.5%      64.5%      0.355
Pop or Orn Corn                     13         14      24.6%      75.4%      0.246      45.2%      54.8%      0.452
Mint                                14        167      80.7%      19.3%      0.807      84.3%      15.7%      0.843
Barley                              21         68      30.6%      69.4%      0.306      44.7%      55.3%      0.447
Spring Wheat                        23          0       0.0%     100.0%      0.000       0.0%     100.0%      0.000
Winter Wheat                        24     47,788      92.5%       7.5%      0.921      96.3%       3.7%      0.961
Dbl Crop WinWht/Soybeans            26         72      52.2%      47.8%      0.522      67.9%      32.1%      0.679
Rye                                 27        594      53.1%      46.9%      0.530      42.6%      57.4%      0.426
Oats                                28      1,577      70.7%      29.3%      0.705      40.1%      59.9%      0.399
Millet                              29          2      16.7%      83.3%      0.167      18.2%      81.8%      0.182
Speltz                              30         93      52.2%      47.8%      0.522      58.9%      41.1%      0.589
Canola                              31          0       0.0%     100.0%      0.000       0.0%     100.0%      0.000
Alfalfa                             36     30,838      82.3%      17.7%      0.816      81.2%      18.8%      0.805
Other Hay/Non Alfalfa               37      7,116      59.7%      40.3%      0.593      72.0%      28.0%      0.716
Buckwheat                           39          0       0.0%     100.0%      0.000       0.0%     100.0%      0.000
Sugarbeets                          41     12,897      91.5%       8.5%      0.914      96.0%       4.0%      0.959
Dry Beans                           42     16,756      85.8%      14.2%      0.855      91.2%       8.8%      0.910
Potatoes                            43      2,733      88.8%      11.2%      0.887      75.0%      25.0%      0.749
Other Crops                         44         37      27.8%      72.2%      0.278      23.1%      76.9%      0.231
Misc Vegs & Fruits                  47          0       0.0%     100.0%      0.000       0.0%     100.0%      0.000
Watermelons                         48         49      47.1%      52.9%      0.471      89.1%      10.9%      0.891
Onions                              49         21      56.8%      43.2%      0.568      75.0%      25.0%      0.750
Cucumbers                           50      1,507      86.3%      13.7%      0.862      74.7%      25.3%      0.747
Peas                                53         98      44.3%      55.7%      0.443      76.6%      23.4%      0.766
Tomatoes                            54        191      76.7%      23.3%      0.767      79.6%      20.4%      0.796
Hops                                56          5      71.4%      28.6%      0.714      50.0%      50.0%      0.500
Herbs                               57          0       n/a        n/a        n/a        0.0%     100.0%      0.000
Clover/Wildflowers                  58        270      44.0%      56.0%      0.439      34.2%      65.8%      0.342
Sod/Grass Seed                      59        134      58.0%      42.0%      0.580      67.0%      33.0%      0.670
Switchgrass                         60          0       0.0%     100.0%      0.000       n/a        n/a        n/a
Fallow/Idle Cropland                61        112      26.0%      74.0%      0.260      16.0%      84.0%      0.159
Cherries                            66        866      87.2%      12.8%      0.872      69.0%      31.0%      0.690
Peaches                             67          1       5.3%      94.7%      0.053       5.0%      95.0%      0.050
Apples                              68        863      82.1%      17.9%      0.821      71.1%      28.9%      0.711
Grapes                              69        417      89.3%      10.7%      0.893      75.7%      24.3%      0.757
Christmas Trees                     70        452      82.0%      18.0%      0.820      56.7%      43.3%      0.567
Other Tree Crops                    71          1       8.3%      91.7%      0.083       7.1%      92.9%      0.071
Walnuts                             76          1      16.7%      83.3%      0.167      25.0%      75.0%      0.250
Pears                               77          4      66.7%      33.3%      0.667      26.7%      73.3%      0.267
Aquaculture                         92         68      91.9%       8.1%      0.919      75.6%      24.4%      0.756
Triticale                          205        102      32.7%      67.3%      0.327      62.2%      37.8%      0.622
Carrots                            206         22      48.9%      51.1%      0.489      46.8%      53.2%      0.468
Asparagus                          207          3       9.1%      90.9%      0.091      50.0%      50.0%      0.500
Garlic                             208          0       n/a        n/a        n/a        0.0%     100.0%      0.000
Cantaloupes                        209          0       0.0%     100.0%      0.000       n/a        n/a        n/a
Peppers                            216         11      39.3%      60.7%      0.393      22.9%      77.1%      0.229
Greens                             219          1      20.0%      80.0%      0.200      50.0%      50.0%      0.500
Plums                              220          4      57.1%      42.9%      0.571      66.7%      33.3%      0.667
Strawberries                       221          0       0.0%     100.0%      0.000       n/a        n/a        n/a
Squash                             222         52      28.6%      71.4%      0.286      51.0%      49.0%      0.510
Dbl Crop WinWht/Corn               225          4      12.5%      87.5%      0.125       9.1%      90.9%      0.091
Dbl Crop Oats/Corn                 226          0       0.0%     100.0%      0.000       n/a        n/a        n/a
Dbl Crop Triticale/Corn            228         37      43.0%      57.0%      0.430      23.6%      76.4%      0.236
Pumpkins                           229         35      33.7%      66.3%      0.336      25.9%      74.1%      0.259
Dbl Crop WinWht/Sorghum            236          0       0.0%     100.0%      0.000       0.0%     100.0%      0.000
Blueberries                        242        175      81.8%      18.2%      0.818      40.3%      59.7%      0.403
Cabbage                            243        229      89.8%      10.2%      0.898      83.0%      17.0%      0.830
Celery                             245          3      37.5%      62.5%      0.375      37.5%      62.5%      0.375
Radishes                           246         10      37.0%      63.0%      0.370      58.8%      41.2%      0.588
Turnips                            247          0       0.0%     100.0%      0.000       0.0%     100.0%      0.000
Gourds                             249          0       0.0%     100.0%      0.000       n/a        n/a        n/a

*Correct Pixels represents the total number of independent validation pixels correctly identified in the error matrix.
**The Overall Accuracy represents only the FSA row crops and annual fruit and vegetables (codes 1-61, 66-80, 92 and 200-255).
FSA-sampled grass and pasture. Non-agricultural and NLCD-sampled categories (codes 62-65, 81-91 and 93-199) are not included in the Overall Accuracy.

The accuracy of the non-agricultural land cover classes within the Cropland Data Layer is entirely dependent upon the USGS, National Land Cover Database. Thus, the USDA, NASS recommends that users consider the NLCD for studies involving non-agricultural land cover. For more information on the accuracy of the NLCD please reference <https://www.mrlc.gov/>.

Quantitative_Attribute_Accuracy_Assessment:

Attribute_Accuracy_Value:

Classification accuracy is generally 85% to 95% correct for the major crop-specific land cover categories. See the 'Attribute Accuracy Report' section of this metadata file for the detailed accuracy report.

Attribute_Accuracy_Explanation:

The strength and emphasis of the CDL is crop-specific land cover categories. The accuracy of the CDL non-agricultural land cover classes is entirely dependent upon the USGS, National Land Cover Database. Thus, the USDA, NASS recommends that users consider the NLCD for studies involving non-agricultural land cover.

These definitions of accuracy statistics were derived from the following book: Congalton, Russell G. and Kass Green. Assessing the Accuracy of Remotely Sensed Data: Principles and Practices. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, Inc. 1999. The 'Producer's Accuracy' is calculated for each cover type in the ground truth and indicates the probability that a ground truth pixel will be correctly mapped (across all cover types) and measures 'errors of omission'. An 'Omission Error' occurs when a pixel is excluded from the category to which it belongs in the validation dataset. The 'User's Accuracy' indicates the probability that a pixel from the CDL classification actually matches the ground truth data and measures 'errors of commission'. The 'Commission Error' represent when a pixel is included in an incorrect category according to the validation data. It is important to take into consideration errors of omission and commission. For example, if you classify every pixel in a scene to 'wheat', then you have 100% Producer's Accuracy for the wheat category and 0% Omission Error. However, you would also have a very high error of commission as all other crop types would be included in the incorrect category. The 'Kappa' is a measure of agreement based on the difference between the actual agreement in the error matrix (i.e., the agreement between the remotely sensed classification and the reference data as indicated by the major diagonal) and the chance agreement which is indicated by the row and column totals. The 'Conditional Kappa Coefficient' is the agreement for an individual category within the entire error matrix.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

The Cropland Data Layer (CDL) has been produced using training and independent validation data from the Farm Service Agency (FSA) Common Land Unit (CLU) Program (agricultural data) and United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Land Cover Database (NLCD). More information about the FSA CLU Program can be found at <https://www.fsa.usda.gov/>. More information about the NLCD can be found at <https://www.mrlc.gov/>. The CDL encompasses the entire state unless noted otherwise in the 'Completeness Report' section of this metadata file.

Completeness_Report: The entire state is covered by the Cropland Data Layer.
Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

The Cropland Data Layer retains the spatial attributes of the input imagery. The Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery was obtained via download from the USGS Global Visualization Viewer (Glovis) website <https://glovis.usgs.gov/>. Please reference the metadata on the Glovis website for each Landsat scene for positional accuracy. The majority of the Landsat data is available at Level 1T (precision and terrain corrected).

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)
Publication_Date: 2021
Title: ResourceSat-2 LISS-3
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place:

Indian Space Research Organisation HQ, Department of Space, Government of India Antariksh Bhavan, New BEL Road, Bangalore 560 231

Publisher: Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)

Other_Citation_Details:

The ISRO ResourceSat-2 LISS-3 satellite sensor operates in four spectral bands at a spatial resolution of 24 meters. Additional information about the data can be obtained at <https://www.isro.gov.in/>. Refer to the 'Supplemental Information' Section of this metadata file for specific scene date, path, row and quadrants used as classification inputs. For the 2021 CDL Program, the imagery was resampled to 30 meters to match the Landsat spatial resolution. The resample used cubic convolution, rigorous transformation.

Source_Scale_Denominator: 24 meter
Type_of_Source_Media: online download
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20201001
Ending_Date: 20211231

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: LISS-3
Source_Contribution: Raw data used in land cover spectral signature analysis

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: European Space Agency (ESA)
Publication_Date: 2021
Title: SENTINEL-2
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: European Commission, Brussels (Belgium)
Publisher: Copernicus - European Commission

Other_Citation_Details:

The ESA SENTINEL-2 satellite sensor operates in twelve spectral bands at spatial resolutions varying from 10 to 60 meters. Additional information about the data can be obtained at <http://www.esa.int/>. Refer to the 'Supplemental Information' Section of this metadata file for specific scene date, path, row and quadrants used as classification inputs. For the 2021 CDL Program, the imagery was resampled to 30 meters to match the Landsat spatial resolution. The resample used cubic convolution, rigorous transformation.

Source_Scale_Denominator: 10 meter
Type_of_Source_Media: online download
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20201001
Ending_Date: 20211231

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SENTINEL-2
Source_Contribution: Raw data used in land cover spectral signature analysis

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

United States Geological Survey (USGS), Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS)

Publication_Date: 2021
Title:

Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager and Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI/TIRS)

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198-001
Publisher: USGS, EROS

Other_Citation_Details:

The Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS data are free for download through the following website <https://glovis.usgs.gov/>. Additional information about Landsat data can be obtained at <https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros>. Refer to the 'Supplemental Information' Section of this metadata file for specific scene date, path and rows used as classification inputs.

Source_Scale_Denominator: 30 meter
Type_of_Source_Media: online download
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20201001
Ending_Date: 20211231

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 8
Source_Contribution: Raw data used in land cover spectral signature analysis

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

United States Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Data Center

Publication_Date: 2009
Title: The National Elevation Dataset (NED)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: USGS, EROS Data Center

Other_Citation_Details:

The USGS NED Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is used as an ancillary data source in the production of the Cropland Data Layer. More information on the USGS NED can be found at <https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/national-geospatial-program/national-map>. Refer to the 'Supplemental Information' Section of this metadata file for the complete list of ancillary data sources used as classification inputs.

Source_Scale_Denominator: 30 meter
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: unknown

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NED
Source_Contribution:

spatial and attribute information used in land cover spectral signature analysis

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

United States Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Data Center

Publication_Date: 2021
Title: National Land Cover Database 2019 (NLCD 2019)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 USA
Publisher: USGS, EROS Data Center

Other_Citation_Details:

The NLCD 2019 land cover was used as ground training and validation for non-agricultural categories. Additionally, the USGS NLCD 2019 Imperviousness layer was used as ancillary data sources in the Cropland Data Layer classification process. The Tree Canopy data was not available with the NLCD 2019, so the NLCD 2016 Tree Canopy data was used as an ancillary input. More information on the NLCD can be found at <https://www.mrlc.gov/>. Refer to the 'Supplemental Information' Section of this metadata file for the complete list of ancillary data sources used as classification inputs.

Source_Scale_Denominator: 30 meter
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: unknown

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NLCD
Source_Contribution: Raw data used in land cover spectral signature analysis

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Farm Service Agency (FSA)

Publication_Date: 2021
Title: USDA, FSA Common Land Unit (CLU)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Salt Lake City, Utah 84119-2020 USA
Publisher: USDA, FSA Aerial Photography Field Office

Other_Citation_Details:

Access to the USDA, Farm Service Agency (FSA) Common Land Unit (CLU) digital data set is currently limited to FSA and Agency partnerships. During the current growing season, producers enrolled in FSA programs report their growing intentions, crops and acreage to USDA Field Service Centers. Their field boundaries are digitized in a standardized GIS data layer and the associated attribute information is maintained in a database known as 578 Administrative Data. This CLU/578 dataset provides a comprehensive and robust agricultural training and validation data set for the Cropland Data Layer. Additional information about the CLU Program can be found at <https://www.fsa.usda.gov/>.

Source_Scale_Denominator: 4800
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2021

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition, updated annually

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: FSA CLU
Source_Contribution:

spatial and attribute information used in the spectral signature training and validation of agricultural land cover

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

United States Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Data Center

Publication_Date: 2012
Title: National Commodity Crop Productivity Index (NCCPI) Version 2.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Lincoln, Nebraska USA
Publisher:

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center

Other_Citation_Details:

The NCCPI was used as an ancillary input for the Michigan CDL. The data was resampled to 30 meters for use in CDL production. For more information about the NCCPI: <https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/>.

Source_Scale_Denominator: 30 meter
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: unknown

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NCCPI
Source_Contribution: Ancillary input used in land cover spectral signature analysis

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

OVERVIEW: FOR MORE TECHNICAL DETAILS AND PROGRAM HISTORY: <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/sarsfaqs2.php> The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) Cropland Data Layer (CDL) Program is a unique agricultural-specific land cover geospatial product that is produced annually in participating states. The CDL Program builds upon NASS' traditional crop acreage estimation program and integrates Farm Service Agency (FSA) grower-reported field data with satellite imagery to create an unbiased statistical estimator of crop area at the state and county level for internal use. It is important to note that the internal acreage estimates, most closely aligned with planted acres, produced using the CDL are not simple pixel counting. It is more of an 'Adjusted Census by Satellite.'

SOFTWARE: ERDAS Imagine is used in the pre- and post- processing of all raster-based data. ESRI ArcGIS is used to prepare the vector-based training and validation data. Rulequest See5.0 is used to create a decision tree based classifier. The NLCD Mapping Tool is used to apply the See5.0 decision-tree via ERDAS Imagine.

DECISION TREE CLASSIFIER: This Cropland Data Layer used the decision tree classifier approach. Using a decision tree classifier is a departure from older versions of the CDL which were created using in-house software (Peditor) based upon a maximum likelihood classifier approach. Decision trees offer several advantages over the more traditional maximum likelihood classification method. The advantages include being: 1) non-parametric by nature and thus not reliant on the assumption of the input data being normally distributed, 2) efficient to construct and thus capable of handling large and complex data sets, 3) able to incorporate missing and non-continuous data, and 4) able to sort out non-linear relationships.

GROUND TRUTH: As with the maximum likelihood method, decision tree analysis is a supervised classification technique. Thus, it relies on having a sample of known ground truth areas in which to train the classifier. Older versions of the CDL (prior to 2006) utilized ground truth data from the annual June Agricultural Survey (JAS). Beginning in 2006, the CDL utilizes the very comprehensive ground truth data provided from the FSA Common Land Unit (CLU) Program as a replacement for the JAS data. The FSA CLU data have the advantage of natively being in a GIS and containing magnitudes more of field level information. Disadvantages include that it is not truly a probability sample of land cover and has bias toward subsidized program crops. Additional information about the FSA data can be found at <https://www.fsa.usda.gov/>. The most current version of the NLCD is used as non-agricultural training and validation data.

INPUTS: The CDL is produced using satellite imagery from the Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS sensor, the ISRO ResourceSat-2 LISS-3, and the ESA SENTINEL-2 sensors collected during the current growing season. Some CDL states used additional satellite imagery and ancillary inputs to supplement and improve the classification. These additional sources can include the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Elevation Dataset (NED) and the imperviousness data layer from the USGS National Land Cover Database 2019 (NLCD 2019) and the tree canopy data layer from the NLCD 2016. Please refer to the 'Supplemental_Information' Section of this metadata file for a complete list of all imagery and ancillary data used to generate this state's CDL.

ACCURACY: The accuracy of the land cover classifications are evaluated using independent validations data sets generated from the FSA CLU data (agricultural categories) and the NLCD (non-agricultural categories). The Producer's Accuracy is generally 85% to 95% correct for the major crop-specific land cover categories. See the 'Attribute Accuracy Report' section of this metadata file for the full accuracy report.

PUBLIC RELEASE: The USDA, NASS Cropland Data Layer is considered public domain and free to redistribute. The official website is <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.php>. The data is available free for download through CroplandCROS <https://cropcros.azurewebsites.net/>, CropScape <https://nassgeodata.gmu.edu/CropScape/> and the Geospatial Data Gateway <https://datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov/>. Please note that in no case are farmer reported data revealed or derivable from the public use Cropland Data Layer.

Process_Date: 2021
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: USDA, NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section
Contact_Person: USDA, NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section staff

Contact_Address:

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 800-727-9540
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 855-493-0447
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: SM.NASS.RDD.GIB@usda.gov

Cloud_Cover: 0

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Michigan
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:

Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 24000

Column_Count: 21186

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Map_Projection:

Map_Projection_Name:

Albers Conical Equal Area as used by mrlc.gov (NLCD). FOR GEOSPATIAL DATA GATEWAY USERS: Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), Spheroid WGS84, Datum WGS84. Due to technical restrictions, the online data available free for download through the Geospatial Data Gateway <https://datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov/> can only be offered in UTM.

Albers_Conical_Equal_Area:

Standard_Parallel: 29.500000
Standard_Parallel: 45.500000
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -96.000000
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 23.000000
False_Easting: 0.000000
False_Northing: 0.000000

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 30
Ordinate_Resolution: 30

Planar_Distance_Units: meters

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

The Cropland Data Layer (CDL) is produced using agricultural training data from the Farm Service Agency (FSA) Common Land Unit (CLU) Program and non-agricultural training data from the most current version of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Land Cover Database (NLCD). The strength and emphasis of the CDL is crop-specific land cover categories. The accuracy of the CDL non-agricultural land cover classes are entirely dependent upon the NLCD. Thus, the USDA, NASS recommends that users consider the NLCD for studies involving non-agricultural land cover.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

 Data Dictionary: USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2021 Cropland Data Layer

 Source: USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

 The following is a cross reference list of the categorization codes and land covers.
 Note that not all land cover categories listed below will appear in an individual state.

 Raster
 Attribute Domain Values and Definitions: NO DATA, BACKGROUND 0

 Categorization Code   Land Cover
         "0"       Background

 Raster
 Attribute Domain Values and Definitions: CROPS 1-60

 Categorization Code   Land Cover
           "1"       Corn
           "2"       Cotton
           "3"       Rice
           "4"       Sorghum
           "5"       Soybeans
           "6"       Sunflower
          "10"       Peanuts
          "11"       Tobacco
          "12"       Sweet Corn
          "13"       Pop or Orn Corn
          "14"       Mint
          "21"       Barley
          "22"       Durum Wheat
          "23"       Spring Wheat
          "24"       Winter Wheat
          "25"       Other Small Grains
          "26"       Dbl Crop WinWht/Soybeans
          "27"       Rye
          "28"       Oats
          "29"       Millet
          "30"       Speltz
          "31"       Canola
          "32"       Flaxseed
          "33"       Safflower
          "34"       Rape Seed
          "35"       Mustard
          "36"       Alfalfa
          "37"       Other Hay/Non Alfalfa
          "38"       Camelina
          "39"       Buckwheat
          "41"       Sugarbeets
          "42"       Dry Beans
          "43"       Potatoes
          "44"       Other Crops
          "45"       Sugarcane
          "46"       Sweet Potatoes
          "47"       Misc Vegs & Fruits
          "48"       Watermelons
          "49"       Onions
          "50"       Cucumbers
          "51"       Chick Peas
          "52"       Lentils
          "53"       Peas
          "54"       Tomatoes
          "55"       Caneberries
          "56"       Hops
          "57"       Herbs
          "58"       Clover/Wildflowers
          "59"       Sod/Grass Seed
          "60"       Switchgrass

 Raster
 Attribute Domain Values and Definitions: NON-CROP 61-65

 Categorization Code   Land Cover
          "61"       Fallow/Idle Cropland
          "63"       Forest
          "64"       Shrubland
          "65"       Barren

 Raster
 Attribute Domain Values and Definitions: CROPS 66-80

 Categorization Code   Land Cover
          "66"       Cherries
          "67"       Peaches
          "68"       Apples
          "69"       Grapes
          "70"       Christmas Trees
          "71"       Other Tree Crops
          "72"       Citrus
          "74"       Pecans
          "75"       Almonds
          "76"       Walnuts
          "77"       Pears

 Raster
 Attribute Domain Values and Definitions: OTHER 81-109

 Categorization Code   Land Cover
          "81"       Clouds/No Data
          "82"       Developed
          "83"       Water
          "87"       Wetlands
          "88"       Nonag/Undefined
          "92"       Aquaculture

 Raster
 Attribute Domain Values and Definitions: NLCD-DERIVED CLASSES 110-195

 Categorization Code   Land Cover
         "111"       Open Water
         "112"       Perennial Ice/Snow
         "121"       Developed/Open Space
         "122"       Developed/Low Intensity
         "123"       Developed/Med Intensity
         "124"       Developed/High Intensity
         "131"       Barren
         "141"       Deciduous Forest
         "142"       Evergreen Forest
         "143"       Mixed Forest
         "152"       Shrubland
         "176"       Grassland/Pasture
         "190"       Woody Wetlands
         "195"       Herbaceous Wetlands

 Raster
 Attribute Domain Values and Definitions: CROPS 195-255

 Categorization Code   Land Cover
         "204"       Pistachios
         "205"       Triticale
         "206"       Carrots
         "207"       Asparagus
         "208"       Garlic
         "209"       Cantaloupes
         "210"       Prunes
         "211"       Olives
         "212"       Oranges
         "213"       Honeydew Melons
         "214"       Broccoli
         "215"       Avocados
         "216"       Peppers
         "217"       Pomegranates
         "218"       Nectarines
         "219"       Greens
         "220"       Plums
         "221"       Strawberries
         "222"       Squash
         "223"       Apricots
         "224"       Vetch
         "225"       Dbl Crop WinWht/Corn
         "226"       Dbl Crop Oats/Corn
         "227"       Lettuce
         "228"       Dbl Crop Triticale/Corn
         "229"       Pumpkins
         "230"       Dbl Crop Lettuce/Durum Wht
         "231"       Dbl Crop Lettuce/Cantaloupe
         "232"       Dbl Crop Lettuce/Cotton
         "233"       Dbl Crop Lettuce/Barley
         "234"       Dbl Crop Durum Wht/Sorghum
         "235"       Dbl Crop Barley/Sorghum
         "236"       Dbl Crop WinWht/Sorghum
         "237"       Dbl Crop Barley/Corn
         "238"       Dbl Crop WinWht/Cotton
         "239"       Dbl Crop Soybeans/Cotton
         "240"       Dbl Crop Soybeans/Oats
         "241"       Dbl Crop Corn/Soybeans
         "242"       Blueberries
         "243"       Cabbage
         "244"       Cauliflower
         "245"       Celery
         "246"       Radishes
         "247"       Turnips
         "248"       Eggplants
         "249"       Gourds
         "250"       Cranberries
         "254"       Dbl Crop Barley/Soybeans

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: USDA, NASS Customer Service
Contact_Person: USDA, NASS Customer Service Staff

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Room 5038-S
City: Washington
State_or_Province: District of Columbia
Postal_Code: 20250-9410
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 800-727-9540
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 855-493-0447
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: SM.NASS.RDD.GIB@usda.gov
Contact_Instructions:

Please visit the official website <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.php> for distribution details. The Cropland Data Layer is available free for download at <https://cropcros.azurewebsites.net/>, <https://nassgeodata.gmu.edu/CropScape/> and <https://datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov/>. Distribution issues can also be directed to the NASS Customer Service Hotline at 1-800-727-9540.

Resource_Description: Cropland Data Layer - Michigan 2021
Distribution_Liability:

Disclaimer: Users of the Cropland Data Layer (CDL) are solely responsible for interpretations made from these products. The CDL is provided 'as is' and the USDA, NASS does not warrant results you may obtain using the Cropland Data Layer. Contact our staff at (SM.NASS.RDD.GIB@usda.gov) if technical questions arise in the use of the CDL. NASS does maintain a Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's) section on the CDL website at <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.php>.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: GEOTIFF
Format_Version_Date: 2021
Format_Information_Content: GEOTIFF

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: <https://cropcros.azurewebsites.net/>

Access_Instructions:

The CDL is available online and free for download at CroplandCROS <https://cropcros.azurewebsites.net/>, CropScape <https://nassgeodata.gmu.edu/CropScape/> and the Geospatial Data Gateway <https://datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov/>.

Fees:

Ordering_Instructions:

Custom_Order_Process:

For a list of other states and years of available CDL data please visit <https://nassgeodata.gmu.edu/CropScape/> or <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.php>. Distribution issues can also be directed to the NASS Customer Service Hotline at 1-800-727-9540.

Technical_Prerequisites:

If the user does not have software capable of viewing GEOTIF (.tif) or ERDAS Imagine (.img) file formats then we suggest using CroplandCROS <https://cropcros.azurewebsites.net/> or CropScape <https://nassgeodata.gmu.edu/CropScape/>.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20220214
Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: USDA, NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section
Contact_Person: USDA, NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section Staff

Contact_Address:

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 800-727-9540
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 855-493-0447
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: SM.NASS.RDD.GIB@usda.gov

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Access_Constraints: No restrictions on the distribution or use of the metadata file
Metadata_Use_Constraints: No restrictions on the distribution or use of the metadata file

2021 Michigan Cropland Data Layer | NASS/USDA

Metadata: